Chapter 02: Bacterial Genetics, Metabolism, and Structure Tille: Bailey & Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 14th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Pieces of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) that move from one genetic element to another and contain genes for movement and genes for other features are called: a. transposons. b. insertion sequences. c. plasmids. d. chromatoids. ANS: A Insertion sequences only code for movement. REF: 8 2. Miniature chromosomes composed of several genes in double-stranded, closed, circular structures are called: a. transposons. b. insertion sequences. c. plasmids. d. chromatoids. ANS: C Plasmids can be separate entities, but transposable elements (transposons and insertion sequences) cannot. REF: 8 3. A DNA sequence that encodes for a specific product (ribonucleic acid [RNA] or protein) is defined as a: a. gene. b. genome. c. nucleotide. d. deoxyribonucleic acid. ANS: A The genome is the collection of all the genes of an organism. Nucleotides and DNA are building blocks of genes. REF: 6 4. The enzyme that adds nucleotide bases to each growing daughter strand in the replication process is called: a. replication enzymes. b. DNA polymerase. c. insertion sequence enzymes. d. transcriptase. ANS: B
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